Anorexia Nervosa is a mental health condition that is characterised by an intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image and extreme food restriction. There is a complex interplay of genetic, psychological, environmental, and sociocultural factors that contribute to the development of this condition. Understanding these Anorexia Nervosa causes is crucial for prevention, early intervention, and effective treatment.
Genetic and Biological Factors
a. Genetic Predisposition
Genetics play a significant role in the development of Anorexia Nervosa. Individuals with a family history of eating disorders, depression, or anxiety disorders are at higher risk. Research has found that there are specific genetic markers related to mood regulation, appetite control and stress response which may contribute to this disorder.
b. Brain Chemistry and Hormonal Imbalance
Neurotransmitter imbalances—particularly in serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine—are linked to Anorexia Nervosa. Additionally, disruptions in hormones such as cortisol (stress response), leptin (appetite regulation), and ghrelin (hunger signalling) can influence eating behaviours and emotional well-being.
Psychological Factors
a. Perfectionism and Low Self-Esteem
Individuals may exhibit perfectionistic tendencies and struggle with low self-esteem. They may set unrealistic body image standards and engage in restrictive eating patterns as a means of exerting control.
b. Anxiety and Depression
There is a strong correlation between Anorexia Nervosa and co-existing mental health disorders such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and depression. These conditions often fuel disordered eating behaviours as a way to manage emotional distress.
c. Trauma and Emotional Stress
Significant trauma such as abuse, bullying, or personal loss may result in disordered eating patterns and behaviours. Emotional stress can act as a trigger, reinforcing unhealthy coping mechanisms related to food and body image.
Sociocultural Factors
a. Social media Influence and Societal Pressure
Unrealistic beauty standards and idealised body images on social media, undoubtedly, contribute to increased body dissatisfaction and likelihood of developing disordered eating patterns. On social media, individuals may be exposed to harmful diet trends and body comparisons. Pro-anorexia content can reinforce restrictive eating behaviours and unhealthy weight loss strategies.
b. Peer and Family Pressure
It is a well-established fact that social and familial expectations significantly influence an individual’s self-image and eating behaviours. Negative comments about weight or appearance from peers or family members can contribute to the onset of Anorexia.
c. Diet Culture and Weight Stigma
At ABBI Clinic, we recognise the detrimental effects of diet culture and weight stigma. The glorification of extreme weight loss and the fear of weight gain contribute to restrictive eating habits and body image concerns.
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
a. Early Childhood Experiences
Evidence shows that children who grow up in environments with strict dietary rules, critical parenting, or exposure to weight-related concerns are at higher risk of developing Anorexia Nervosa later in life.
b. Participation in Certain Activities and Sports
There is an increased risk of developing disordered eating patterns due to pressure to maintain a specific body size in certain groups, such as athletes, dancers and gymnastics.
Conclusion
Anorexia Nervosa is a multifaceted disorder influenced by genetic, psychological, environmental, and sociocultural factors. Understanding these Anorexia Nervosa causes is essential for early detection and effective intervention. At ABBI Clinic, we are dedicated to providing expert care, personalised therapy, and evidence-based treatments to help individuals recover and develop a healthier relationship with food and body image.
If you or a loved one is struggling with an eating disorder, we encourage you to seek professional help. ABBI Clinic offers compassionate, research-backed treatment options to support individuals on their journey to recovery. Contact us today to learn more about our services.